10,940 research outputs found
Tax compliance, income distribution and social norms
This paper studies the effect of income inequality on tax evasion. To discuss the topic, we present a simple model, based on Benabou and Tirole [6], that incorporates incentives for tax compliance such as punishment and fines, intrinsic motivation and social norms. Since we consider a regressive system of incentives to comply, income inequality increases the value of tax evasion although overall propensity to comply is unaffected. In this framework, we consider the hypothesis that social norms are group specific as in the case of social segregation or status related networks. We show that all the negative effects of inequalities are amplified: the difference between the tax compliance of the income groups and the value of tax evasion increase
Cornering the Planck tension with future CMB data
The precise measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy angular
power spectra made by the Planck satellite show an anomalous value for the
lensing amplitude, defined by the parameter , at more than
standard deviations. In this paper, after discussing the current status of the
anomaly, we quantify the potential of future CMB measurements in
confirming/falsifying the tension. We find that a space-based
experiment as LiteBIRD could falsify the current tension at the
level of standard deviations. Similar constraints can be achieved by a
Stage-III experiment assuming an external prior on the reionization optical
depth of as already provided by the Planck satellite. A
Stage-IV experiment could further test the tension at the level of
standard deviations. A comparison between temperature and polarization
measurements made at different frequencies could further identify possible
systematics responsible for . We show that, in the case of the
CMB-S4 experiment, polarization data alone will have the potential of
falsifying the current anomaly at more than five standard deviation
and to strongly bound its frequency dependence. We also evaluate the future
constraints on a possible scale dependence for .Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Electron-phonon coupling close to a metal-insulator transition in one dimension
We consider a one-dimensional system of electrons interacting via a
short-range repulsion and coupled to phonons close to the metal-insulator
transition at half filling. We argue that the metal-insulator transition can be
described as a standard one dimensional incommensurate to commensurate
transition, even if the electronic system is coupled to the lattice distortion.
By making use of known results for this transition, we prove that low-momentum
phonons do not play any relevant role close to half-filling, unless their
coupling to the electrons is large in comparison with the other energy scales
present in the problem. In other words the effective strength of the
low-momentum transferred electron-phonon coupling does not increase close to
the metal-insulator transition, even though the effective velocity of the
mobile carriers is strongly diminished.Comment: 20 pages, REVTEX styl
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